Thirukkural Chapter 39 - The Greatness of a King


Couplet 381 
An army, people, wealth, a minister, friends, fort: six things-
Who owns them all, a lion lives amid the kings
Explanation
He who possesses these six things, an army, a people, wealth, ministers, friends and a fortress, is a lion among kings

Couplet 382 
Courage, a liberal hand, wisdom, and energy: these four
Are qualities a king adorn for evermore
Explanation
Never to fail in these four things, fearlessness, liberality, wisdom, and energy, is the kingly character

Couplet 383 
A sleepless promptitude, knowledge, decision strong:
These three for aye to rulers of the land belong
Explanation
These three things, viz, vigilance, learning, and bravery, should never be wanting in the ruler of a country

Couplet 384 
Kingship, in virtue failing not, all vice restrains,
In courage failing not, it honour's grace maintains
Explanation
He is a king who, with manly modesty, swerves not from virtue, and refrains from vice

Couplet 385 
A king is he who treasure gains, stores up, defends,
And duly for his kingdom's weal expends
Explanation
He is a king who is able to acquire (wealth), to lay it up, to guard, and to distribute it

Couplet 386 
Where king is easy of access, where no harsh word repels,
That land's high praises every subject swells
Explanation
The whole world will exalt the country of the king who is easy of access, and who is free from harsh language

Couplet 387 
With pleasant speech, who gives and guards with powerful liberal hand,
He sees the world obedient all to his command
Explanation
The world will praise and submit itself to the mind of the king who is able to give with affability, and to protect all who come to him

Couplet 388 
Who guards the realm and justice strict maintains,
That king as god o'er subject people reigns
Explanation
That king, will be esteemed a God among men, who performs his own duties, and protects (his subjects).

Couplet 389 
The king of worth, who can words bitter to his ear endure,
Beneath the shadow of his power the world abides secure
Explanation
The whole world will dwell under the umbrella of the king, who can bear words that embitter the ear

Couplet 390 
Gifts, grace, right sceptre, care of people's weal;
These four a light of dreaded kings reveal
Explanation
He is the light of kings who has there four things, beneficence, benevolence, rectitude, and care for his people